A Fundamental Change Of Direction Is Not The Basic Fault...

In 1981 a fundamental change of direction was brought to light when the House of Lords provided two judgements both concerning the meaning of recklessness. Lord Diplock stated ‘recklessness’ with an objective meaning in concern to the s1 and s2 of the Criminal Damage Act 1971. In the last 30 years, recklessness has become one of the most discussed issues in criminal law. However, in 2004 House of Lords gave out a decision in R v G and Another re-establishing subjective test to recklessness in concern to the Criminal Damage Act 1971, successfully restoring the subjective test recognised before Caldwell. Prior to 2004 a landmark decision of R v G and Another it is well known that there were two main contrasting understandings of the term ‘reckless’ within the criminal law. The Draft Criminal Code 1989 proposes that recklessness should be the basic fault element for all offences . The first came from the case of Cunningham, in which the defendant stole a gas meter of a wall in order to steal money and gas escaped. The offender was charged with maliciously under s23 Offences against the person Act 1861. The Law Commission considered the term ‘malicious’ should be avoided and replaced with the term â€Å"reckless† in statutes, starting with Criminal Damage Act 1971. Cunningham recklessness demanded the conscious running of an unjustifiable risk. This type of recklessness is perhaps now referred to as ‘standard’ recklessness, but it has in the past often been referred to asShow MoreRelatedTrial by Media14404 Words   |  58 Pagesjournalists are distinctive facilitators for the democratic process to function without hindrance the media has to follow the virtues of ‘accuracy, honesty, truth, objectivity, fairness, balanced reporting, respect or autonomy of ordinary people’. These are all part of the democratic process. But practical considerations, namely, pursuit of successful career, promoti on to be obtained, compulsion of meeting deadlines and satisfying Media Managers by meeting growth targets, are recognized as factors for theRead MoreBusiness Law I Summary34667 Words   |  139 Pagesrelation to property. - Possession consists of two elements: physical control and the intention to exclude others. Chapter two Legal changes can be divided into two broad categories according to their causes. The first type of legal change is caused by the law responding to changes taking place in society. The second type of legal change arises from the need to keep the law in good working order. Legal change and the changing World While science and technology have beenRead MoreFactors That Lead to the Achievement of Industrial Harmony, That Create the Environment for Best Practices in Management14180 Words   |  57 Pages1.7 Definitions of Terms Organizations: Are social entities that exist as a result of the needs of the society that have to be satisfied. According to Sun Tzu (1963), an organization is a pattern of relationships through which people, under the direction of managers, pursue their common goals through management functions that is Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. For the purpose of this research, organization shall be taken to mean Sino-Zimbabwe Cement Company (SZCC). Management: Is theRead MoreCross Cultural Communication9880 Words   |  40 Pagescloser, the most important element of successful business outcomes may be the appreciation and respect for regional, country, and cultural differences - known as cultural diversity. 1. Introduction The advent of the global economy is changing the fundamental nature of our governments, businesses, organizations and populations. In short, we are no longer constrained by state boundaries but have all become part of an interdependent international network. One of the key changes this has triggered is theRead MoreThe Philosophy of Happiness11705 Words   |  47 Pagesfutile to try to answer the second question without having given thought to the first. The definition that he offers is that happiness is the supreme good that supplies the purpose, and measures the value, of all human activity and striving. ‘It is for the sake of happiness’ he wrote ‘that we all do everything else we do’ (Aristotle, 2002, 1102a3). This seems a very sweeping statement: surely it is implausible to suggest that every human action is explicitly aimed at some single goal. Indeed, the suggestionRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Market ing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University Read MoreCorruption Is Barrier to Development in Pakistan9592 Words   |  39 PagesAdministrative Corruption Corruption that alters the implementation of policies, such as getting a license even if you don’t qualify for it. Political Corruption Corruption that influences the formulation of laws, regulations, and policies, such as revoking all licenses, and gaining the sole right to operate the beer or gas monopoly. Grand Corruption Corruption involving substantial amounts of money and usually high-level officials. Petty Corruption Corruption involving smaller sums and typically more juniorRead MoreCma Solutions63195 Words   |  253 PagesEntrance Examination Syllabus Reference Material Copyright 2006 The Society of Management Accountants of Canada All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder. Entrance Examination Syllabus Reference Material Introduction The purpose of this reference material is to assist you in reviewing your technical knowledge of selected topics listed in the CMA Entrance Examination Syllabus. 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Some workplace conflict s healthy and if viewed positively, however where unhealthy conflict is present it has a potential risk to cause the company serious problems Workplace conflict can be in many forms from serious flare-ups to less obvious, but less destructive forms of negativity. Workplace

Family Members in Mandarin Chinese Vocabulary

Davidson College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Davidson College is a private liberal arts college with an acceptance rate of 19%. Established by the Presbyterians of  North Carolina  in 1837, Davidson College is now one of the countrys  top liberal arts colleges and one of the best schools in the Southeast. For a school of well under 2,000 students, Davidson is unusual for its strong Division I athletic program. The Wildcats compete in the NCAA Division I  Atlantic 10 Conference, and nearly a quarter of Davidson students participate in varsity athletics. On the academic front, Davidson was awarded a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa  for its strengths in the liberal arts and sciences. The college has a strict honor code that allows students to schedule unproctored and take-home exams. Considering applying to Davidson College? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Davidson College had an acceptance rate of 19%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 19 students were admitted, making Davidsons admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (Admitted Students) Number of Applicants 5,724 Percent Admitted 19% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 46% SAT Scores and Requirements Davidson College requires that all applicants submit SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 60% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 640 720 Math 650 730 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Davidsons admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Davidson scored between 640 and 720, while 25% scored below 640 and 25% scored above 720. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 650 and 730, while 25% scored below 650 and 25% scored above 730. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1450 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Davidson College. Requirements Davidson does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that Davidson participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. Applicants may submit SAT Subject test scores to supplement their application, but they are not required for admission. ACT Scores and Requirements Davidson requires that all applicant submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 56% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile Composite 29 33 This admissions data tells us that most of Davidsons admitted students fall within the top 9% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Davidson received a composite ACT score between 29 and 33, while 25% scored above 33 and 25% scored below 29. Requirements Davidson does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many schools, Davidson superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Davidsons incoming freshmen class was 3.93, and 70% had average GPAs of 3.75 and above. This information suggests that most successful applicants to Davidson College have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Davidson College Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Davidson College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Davidson College has a highly competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores and average grades. However, Davidson has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Davidson also requires applicants to complete two  supplemental essays and submit a peer recommendation. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and test scores are outside of Davidsons average range. Note that Davidson does not offer evaluative  interviews. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. As the data shows, the majority of successful applicants had high school GPAs in the A range, combined SAT scores of 1300 or higher (ERWM), and ACT composite scores of 28 or better. Many accepted students had 4.0 GPAs. If You Like Davidson College, You May Also Like These Schools: Wake Forest UniversityBrown UniversityPrinceton UniversityClemson UniversityDartmouth CollegeCornell UniversityUniversity of Richmond All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Davidson College Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Nikes Use of Sweatshops Across the Globe Essay - 624 Words

Internationally recognized companies such as Nike make use of sweatshops and aid in the exploitation of labor workers in many parts of the world. A sweatshop is an industrialized provision that is known to have poor working conditions, infringement of labor law, and long hours coupled with low wages. In today’s world, sweatshops are prevalent all across the globe; however they raise the most concern in developing nations. Nike is one of the world’s most renowned sportswear companies, but has been involved in several controversies in relation to the possibility of them making profit out of sweatshop labor. In the late 1900’s most Nike products were manufactured in countries like South Korea and Taiwan, however, this changed when the labor†¦show more content†¦As a company, Nike is extremely profitable; it is the biggest shoe company and has become the fourth biggest industry leader. Nike can easily afford to increase wages of people that do labor work for the company without even the slightest loss but unfortunately chooses not to. According to the SEC, â€Å"In 2007, Nike’s advertising budget was $678 million. Realistically, Nike could pay all its individual workers enough to feed and clothe themselves and their families if it would just devote 1% of its advertising budget to workers salaries each year!† (A background on†¦) In Nike’s Code of conduct, they state that in the area of human rights and in the communities in which they do their business, they want to do everything required of them as well as what is generally expected of a leader and thus by magnifying on the wrongs an industry leader commits, changes in the entire industry is expected. Sweatshops greatly impact the lives of people all across the world; people are forced into incredibly tough labor along with unbearable working conditions. According to the writer of English Blog, â€Å"22 million children die annually due to the hazardous cond itions in the sweatshops.† (English Blog RSS) Besides the low pay and awfully long working hours, theShow MoreRelatedNike Sweatshops Case Study1402 Words   |  6 Pagesfound itself in various scandals due to their use of sweatshops. The harsh backlash towards the immorality of using sweatshops has led to Nike’s image being tainted; nevertheless, consumers continue to shop in Nike stores. With this in mind, I will explain why consumers continue to purchase Nike products. To accomplish the task at hand; I shall, define exploitation and demonstrate why corporations exploit workers, provide context into Nike sweatshops, and explain why some continue to support NikeRead MoreSweatshops Case Study1419 Words   |  6 Pagesitself for years involved in a massive scandal due to their use of sweatshops. The harsh backlash towards the immorality of using sweatshops has lead to Nike’s image being tainted; nevertheless, consumers continue to fill up retail Nike stores. With this in mind, I will explain as to why consumers continue to purchase Nike products, and to accomplish the task at hand; I shall firstly, provide a brief context into Nike’s use of sweatshops, secondly define exploitation and the ways corporations canRead MoreHow Globalization Has Caused Products1871 Words   |  8 Pagesdesigned in California, being assembled in China. This is interchange of market resources helped many MNE’s spread across the globe offering similar or different products in regions and states. Theodore Levitt (1983) criticizes MNE’s who have different strategies for different regions, and called for the global company, which will have standardized product offerings all over the globe. There are others like Kotler (1985) and Fisher (1984) who encouraged MNE’s to adapt product and marketing strategiesRead MoreCore Competencies And Sustainable Competitive Advantage1296 Words   |  6 Pagesmaintaining quality manufactured items at a comp etitive price. Nike’s strong brand recognition, consumer loyalty, and support of retail and channel partners positions us to continue leadership in market share and continued year over year growth. Implementing Nike s core competencies and networking, customer satisfaction will be easily accomplished with excellence. 4. Situation Analysis This situational analysis presents you with an overview of Nike’s situational surroundings through a SWOT (strengths, weaknessesRead MoreEnglish Globalisation Assignment : Slaves Of Fashion Essay999 Words   |  4 Pagesproducts they could never afford. Society’s need for labels, combined with manufacturer’s need for money, drive the modern day slave ring. The multinational conglomerate that uses child labour and disadvantaged people to make a profit needs to be called out. These practices cannot continue, but we must act now. The sweatshops erected in disadvantaged villages have the goal of bringing jobs, income and a stable economy. In fact, they do the opposite. The factories are outdated, under maintained andRead MoreNike Outsourcing2367 Words   |  10 Pagesare gained because of low salary expense, but in this case company has to face increased difficulty of monitoring the quality of their products and the uncontrolled working conditions in the factories.          Nike uses outsourcing strategy, using only subcontractors throughout the globe. It currently owns a 47% market share of the domestic footwear industry, with sales of $3.77 billion. Nike has been manufacturing throughout the Asian region for over twenty-five years, and there are over 500,000 peopleRead MoreNike : Nike, Inc.3411 Words   |  14 PagesNike was named the most valuable business in sports and reported revenues over $25 billion in 2013 with assets worth over $18 billion.1 Nike contracts out the manufacturing of its products and in the past it has chosen to do so in countries across the globe in South America, North America, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia. Nike often chooses suppliers in low-wage countries so that the company can keep the production cost low. Nike Inc., although headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon, outsources theRead MoreMarketing Management - Nike Case Study6867 Words   |  28 Pagesstrategies, and the existing infrastructure to manufacture and distribute. Leveraging these strengths, NIKE will enter and dominate the sports drink industry in 2013 with a new product called, â€Å"NIKE Refuel†. This new energy sports drink will target NIKE’s existing natural target market segments. Currently, there are not a lot of competitors who offer energy sports drinks as a premium product. Not to mention the other value propositions of nutrimental, low calorie, great tasting, and made with allRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Nike1327 Words   |  6 PagesIf Nike is able to produce a pair of Air Jordan gym shoes for $6. They will make huge profits when the turn around and sell them for $150. This is where cheap labor comes in. There were many different issues beside the extremely low pay at Nike sweatshops overseas . Even though Nike does not break any laws within the countries that it operates, some may say that some of its practices are unethical. Even though the laws were not broken, there are some things that Nike did that they did not have toRead MoreNike Imc Campaign4712 Words   |  19 Pagesand Apple have launched the Nike Plus line that offers a unique combination of a strong brand image, technology, music amp; running that makes the product unmatched. Their target demographics vary, but the message was the same for each segments. Nike’s interests for avid runners of all age groups, markets their high quality shoes, clothes and equipment at affordable prices. Examples of these are their Nike Free’s that mimic bare foot running, combined with their Nike Fuel Band that tracks the distance

Database Design Concept - 1054 Words

Apply the database development cycle to a given data set Database development creates enterprise data modeling, which forms the range and wide-ranging contents of organizational databases. There are 5 phases in Database Development Cycle: Planning; Analysis; Design; Implementation and Maintenance. Planning In Planning Stage, the organization needs to know why do they need the database; what do they want the database to do; and how are they going to make the database. This is also where the organization will create a relevant department to handle the project and hiring a project manager. Project manager will determine the duration and the cost of the project. Analysis After the organization creates the relevant department, the†¦show more content†¦For example for my employees, I have used from’E01’ and for my owners, I have used from ‘ON01’. I also have used different ID for each table because to avoid confusion. For example, one owner can have multiple properties or one property can have multiple owners. From the relationship I have built, the data will be shown like in figure 8. The purpose of Relationship is to manage two tables together that shares related attributes. This to know whether the relation is one-to-many, one-to-one or many-to-many relationship. But from above image, it shows that all tables have one-to-many relationship. To know how does ‘many’ look like in relationship table, it will show infinity () symbol. The purpose of Queries is to let the user to find for a specific data or end results such as Total sales price of properties for each location which is shown in Fig. 10 The purpose for form is to enter, edit, and interact with multiple data. In forms you also can create buttons such as, Add, Save, Delete, Previous Records and Next Records. It is also less time consuming for the user to enter a data. The user doesn’t have to enter data through table because the form itself has shown Add and Save button. But the form must have relevant field for the user to enter the data. The purpose for Reports is to show the review records in systematized manner. Complex problems with more than one variable have beenShow MoreRelatedBasic Database Design Concepts2587 Words   |  11 PagesThe Fundamentals of Database Design To end up with a good ‘relational database’ application, you need to ask: Do I actually need one? If so, how far do you want to take it? By this I mean, is this to be a simple database to store information about only one, or very few, related entities (i.e. a list of people who attended a certain event, and how they came to hear about the event) which are not likely to change; or a permanent and well used application with several different entities (i.e.Read MoreUnit 17 - Database Design Concepts1192 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 17 – Database Design Concepts a) Write and describe a variety uses organisations make of use of databases and the issues they face - P1.1 Integrity of data Data integrity refers to preserving and promising the accuracy and consistency of data over its entire life-cycle. It is also the critical aspect to the design, implementation and usage of any system. This system can store, process or retrieve data. Data integrity can be negotiated in a number of ways that include: †¢ Human errors when dataRead Morequestion answer1663 Words   |  7 Pagesdisjoint constraints of specialization/generalization are distinct giving the following four categories: mandatory and nondisjoint, optional and nondisjoint, mandatory and disjoint, and optional and disjoint. 13.8- Describe and contrast the concept of aggregation and composition and provide an example of each. Aggregation: represents a â€Å"has a† or â€Å"is part of† relationship between entity types, where one represents the â€Å"whole† and the other the â€Å"part†. The relationship represents an associationRead MoreDatabase Design and Implementation38677 Words   |  155 PagesPhyloInformatics 7: 1-66 - 2005 Relational Database Design and Implementation for Biodiversity Informatics Paul J. Morris The Academy of Natural Sciences 1900 Ben Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA Received: 28 October 2004 - Accepted: 19 January 2005 Abstract The complexity of natural history collection information and similar information within the scope of biodiversity informatics poses significant challenges for effective long term stewardship of that information in electronicRead MoreOnline Registration3963 Words   |  16 PagesDESIGN AND IMPLEMENATION OF A WEB BASED ONLINE STUDENT REGISTRATION SYSTEM WITH SMS FEEDBACK. CASE STUDY: KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY . BY OTAJEREHA KENNETH ONORIODE BIT/42017/91/DF A PROJECT PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF COMPUTER STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DECLARATION I OTAJEREHE KENNETH ONORIODE, BIT/42017/91/DF declares that thisRead MoreData Modeling Concepts1133 Words   |  5 PagesData Modeling Concepts COM 660 Data Modeling Concepts Following document explains what are data models and the importance of data model. Building a good data model helps organizations in software development, data base design and product maintenance. The document explains the theory, even if it looks like the organizations are spending substantial amount of resources on developing data models, but still it helps organization, keeping the costs low and build a better product. Database constitutesRead MoreDesign Of The Electronic Health Records System1118 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this section is to assist in formalizing ideas for the design of The Electronic Health Records system. Speciï ¬ cally, this section will illustrate the unique attributes of individual Electronic Health Records databases, explain how these databases are constructed, describe their uses and data elements and types. It will also produce a detailed data model of the database to meet the end user requirement. The Enterprise Data Model System methodology has the following main stages: At thisRead MoreDevry Bis 245 All Discussions Question - Graded1414 Words   |  6 PagesAt JOHNMATE1122@GMAIL.COM DeVrY BIS 245 All Discussions Question - Graded WEEK 1 Databases and Gathering Requirements (graded) 1. Why are databases important to business? How do databases generate sales and-or profits? What databases do you interact with, and how do they benefit you? 2. What is meant by requirements gathering, and why is it important to clearly define the data requirements of a database before creating it? 3. Read the General Business Example on page 7 of the Frost sectionRead MoreLessons Learned As A Transfer Student Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesCampbell University were (ITS-345) Database Management , (ITS-410) System Analysis Design Dev, and (ITS-410) Networking Telecommunication. In taking these courses, I felt these courses taught me relevant concepts and examples that I used and applied in my project. These courses also helped me learn about concepts such as time management in project and how management is an important aspect in any project development. These courses were also helpful in that the concepts provided great insights in possibleRead Moreâ€Å"Logical Design, Part 1† Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagestwo to three page paper titled â€Å"Logical Design, Part 1† whereas I am a recently hired consultant for ACME Global Consulting to procure requirements for a large database. In this scenario, â€Å"Logical Design, Part 1†, I will develop a datab ase management systems to convince a set of clients of the benefits of using the Entity–Relationship model (E-R) in developing a database. In addition, my management would like the following points addressed in my design: (1). List the advantages of a relational

Primary Strategies Businesses Held So High â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Primary Strategies Businesses Held So High? Answer: Introducation Competitive advantage has been one of the primary strategies that businesses have held so high. Having a competitive advantage in the market always last for a short duration due to the dynamics that occur from time to time in the market. Competitive advantage is characterized by the ability of the business to cater for the needs and values of the customer (Johnston Bate, 2013). Customers have changing needs and thus they are moved by organizations that provide for their emerging needs through continuous innovation. The effectiveness of the premium prices is supported by an organization that is concerned about cost efficiency, customer responsiveness, and rendering of quality goods and services. Innovation can take various forms that are not limited to product innovation and process innovation. Product innovation can take the form of adding new features to the product so that it can sufficiently meet the values and the requirements of the customers. Product innovation can lead to an extremely new product or changes to the existing product (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). A good example for a product innovation is the case of the invention of a microprocessor by Intel in the 1970s. The product innovation made the company more competitive in the market. It is relevant to note that this change guaranteed faster, powerful and more secure operations that created sustainability in the market. Process innovation can best be explained by the initiatives that companies engage in so as to make their operations more cost effective and interactive(Smith,2013). Process innovation creates an avenue where customers can be involved in the production of the goods through availing of processes th at entertain this. A great example would the case of Nike Company. The company was aware of the impact that customer involvement had on building its competitive advantage. With this in mind, it came up with a portal where its potential customers could upload the designs that they want for their shoes, and they could customize the shoes for them. The inclusion of the customers boosted the competitive edge of the company. The company was able to serve a larger market because it could customize its goods to its clients. Process innovation can be in the case of a new business model for a company. Air Asia is an example of an organization that gained a competitive edge in the Air line business by incorporating of e-commerce into its operations. The encompassing of e-commerce into its operations has seen the company save a lot of its resources than any other company in the market. Nonetheless, companies such as NOKIA, MOTOROLA and Block Busters have failed in upholding continuous innovati on. Porter's five forces in a food Industry The Porters five forces model appertain to five factors that verify the competitiveness of the company. To begin with, the bargaining power of the buyers is a factor that is a threat to organizations. The buyers have the disposition of purchasing the products that they require from any seller (MBA Crystal Ball, 2017) the threat lies in the ability of the buyers to access adequate information regarding the products that are in the market. The opportunity that is available for the industry is the capacity to utilize technology that will ensure that the customers are served with quality services. With the quality services, the customers will find a reason to purchase their products as compared to those of their competitors. To add on, the bargaining power of suppliers is imperative in the food industry. The potential suppliers, in this case, are the dairy suppliers, bakery suppliers, and meat vendors. To explain their bargaining power, it can be termed as low given that there are numerous providers of the fast foods. The opportunities that lie in the case of the fast food industry are the ability to get supplies for their outlets due to the limited differentiation that is in the market. Reliability of the suppliers is thus assured to the owners of the fast food industries. To add on, competitive rivalry among the competitors is a significant threat in the market. Competitors hinder a company from attaining high-profit margins in the market. The increased number of outlets is a major threat to the fast food eatery (E. Dobbs, 2014). The opportunity that is available is that a fast food eatery is supposed to provide quality services that surpass those of its competitors so that it can earn a competitive edge in the market. The threat of substitutes products is another force. In a fast food joint, there is the likelihood that one product may be substituted by another. For instance, a sandwich and a pizza, the threat of substitutes are accelerated by the limited differentiation in the market. The threat exists where one product can be preferred to another. The opportunity that exists is the ability of a fast food joint to come up with unique products. Lastly, the threat of new entrants is also a force that is applicable in the fast food industry. The barriers to entry dictate the inability of a new food outlet to enter the market due to market restriction (Rothaermel, 2015).The restrictions give a competitive edge to the food outlets that are already in the market which is a threat. The opportunities lie in the ability to come up with unique products that will lock out the rivals in the market. It is significant for the fast foods to take note of the impact that the five forces have on acquiring of a competitive edge in the market. The food outlets need to take advantage of the available opportunities to be competitive in the market. Building and sustaining competitive advantage Superior efficiency Sustaining a competitive advantage can be arrived at through the efficient use of resources. Sustainability can be reached through the utilization of a limited number of inputs and still realizing of high outputs (Peppard Ward, 2016). A company that can gain a competitive edge in its production process gains the superior efficiency as compared to those that use excessive resources in the production of the same products. Superior efficiency can also be regarding the hours used and the labor costs that are incurred. The other factor relates to the quality of services that are rendered. Customers are moved by the availability of quality services. Customers always want to get the value of their money. In the case that a company produces quality services, then it is in a position to gain a positive corporate image from its customers (McGrath, 2013).The competitive edge is necessitated by quality services that are well priced. Excellent quality can act as a market barrier to the new entrants that reduce the competitiveness of the market, and thus a company can easily dominate its market. Innovation is imperative in the running of a successful business. Innovation can be regarding product advancement or changes in the processes that are involved in the business. Innovation is all about coming up with strategies that will make the customer more comfortable through the provision of services that better match their changing needs. Product innovation will ensure that a company always produces products that are feasible in the market (Saeidi et al.2015). Or products that better fit the dynamics that occur in the market. The processes that are involved should be those that are cost effective. That is the company should be able to be resource effective in the production of goods and services. A good example of implementing of innovation will be the Toyota Company, a company that has instigated a lean production system that has improved the productivity of the employees and at the same time creating a competitive advantage for itself through cost effectiveness. Customer responsiveness is the last factor that addresses the issue of competitiveness in the market. The customer should always be at the center of the company (Brocken et al.2014). Are the needs, values, requirements and the expectations of the customers should always be the driving force in the formulation and implementation of the strategies of the company. The goods and services that are produced should fully comply with what the customer wants or is looking for. It can be informed of prices, quality or convenience. References Ball, M. C. (2017). Porter's Five Forces. Retrieved August 11, 2017, from MBA Crystal Ball: https://www.mbacrystalball.com/blog/strategy/porters-five-forces/ Bocken, N. M. P., Short, S. W., Rana, P., Evans, S. (2014). Literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of cleaner production,65, Boons, F., Ldeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of- The-Art and steps towards a research agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 9-Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), 32-45 Johnston, R. E., Bate, J. D. (2013).The power of strategy innovation: a new way of linkingcreativity and strategic planning to discover great business opportunities. AMACO Div American Mgmt Assn. McGrath, R. G. (2013). Transient advantage.Harvard Business Review,91(6), 62-70. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016).The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Saeidi, S. P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S. P., Saaeidi, S. A. (2015). How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(2), 341-350 Smith, M. H. (2013).The natural advantage of nations: business opportunities, innovation and governance in the 21st century. Earthscan.

Community Program for HIV Patients-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Community Program for HIV Patients. Answer: This essay highlights the significance of social inclusion and primary healthcare facilities for the patients suffering from the HIV. Due to ignorance about the cause, spread and prevention technique of the disease, the patients suffering from HIV are excluded and are restricted to obtain their basic rights. Due to this ignorance in the society, the people suffering from the HIV hesitate to avail medical facilities thereby, leading to death. The use of primary healthcare facilities can be used for spreading awareness about the disease and ways of protecting and preventing it. The knowledge spread by the primary healthcare services will help in eradicating the negligence faced by the HIV patients. At certain instances, the society blocks and avoids some groups of people intentionally based on particular perspectives. They group of people are denied access to various rights, resources and opportunities easily accessible and available to other people in the society. Excluding some people from the society intentionally and denying them their rights is defined as social exclusion (Baral et al., 2013). For example, people suffering from HIV are socially excluded, as most of the people think the disease spreads by touching. The ignorance about HIV is what leads to the social exclusion of the people suffering from the disease (Tsai et al., 2013). Though diagnosing of HIV because of the retrovirus, the disease is curable if treated on time. As there prevails so much hatred about the individual and their family suffering from HIV, the patients fear to visit the healthcare clinics for treatment. Once the society comes to know about an individual suffering from HIV, the individual, and t heir families are humiliated, denied their rights, resources and opportunities lead to social exclusion of the entire family. At certain instances, the individuals suffering from HIV are also denied accurate and appropriate medical and healthcare facilities thereby, deteriorating their health (Gayner et al., 2012). As it is known that treatment and appropriate medical facilities can treat HIV, awareness emphasizing this aspect is spread in the society. This is spread with the agenda and aim that people suffering from HIV will come up to avail medical facilities without hesitation for getting treatment. In addition, the awareness program aim towards providing knowledge to the society about the disease in order to prevent out casting of the individuals suffering from HIV (Eldredge et al., 2016). Primary health care is defined as the essential components of the healthcare system by using scientifically proven and accepted technologies for treating the society and the people. The cost of the primary healthcare treatment is affordable so that the service is easily accessible and available for the entire community. Primary health care emphasizes on medical treatments beyond the traditional methods of treatment. The main aim of primary health care is to reduce the rate of social exclusion that individuals encounter thereby, hampering them to access healthcare association (WHO, 2012). Therefore, primary healthcare aim towards providing healthcare services regardless of the social disparities within the society. For example, primary healthcare is significant for the HIV patients, as this will allow them to access medical facilities for treatment regardless of the social disparities. Primary health care also emphasizes on organizing and conducting health services at a regular interv al in order to keep the promotional activities active (Kim, Farmer Porter, 2013). Equal distribution of healthcare facilities: Individuals suffering from HIV encounters social exclusion to the extent that the society denies the patients access to their rights and opportunities along with restricting them from accessing healthcare facilities for treatment. Therefore, this element under ALMA ATA declaration will allow the HIV patients to access medical facilities and continue their treatment (Hogerzeil et al., 2013). Participation of the community: Community participation is another significant aspect of ALMA ATA declaration, as this allows complete access to national and local healthcare services for the patients (Zablotska, Holt Prestage, 2012). Developing healthcare workforce: The adequate number of trained physicians, healthcare professionals, and community health workers are required to continue appropriate and accurate primary healthcare. Technological use: In order to treat the patients suffering from HIV, the primary healthcare needs to use latest technological advances for treating the patients. This will provide better diagnoses of diseases followed by better treatment and health improvement (Free et al., 2013). HIV is a growing problem in todays world. True that in these cases, the symptoms appear late and the diagnosis is delayed but still if treated at an earlier stage can be stopped. The most vulnerable victims of HIV are those who practice homosexuality especially males, transgender people, sex workers and drug addicts (Silva-Santisteban et.al. 2012). They are the soft targets because HIV viruses 1 and 2 usually are transmitted through the pre ejaculation fluid, semen, vaginal fluid and contaminated syringes. Contamination of syringes may occur in hospitals. Poor drug addicts often find it as a cheap source to replace the costly needles with these cheap sources of a needle and thus have a high source of contamination hazard. Unprotected sexual intercourse is another factor that triggers of the hazards of being infected by HIV. The situation is worse in the developing and the under developed countries of especially the Equatorial belts. People here are unaware and many die due to the lac k of medication. Kenya is the only country in the Sub Saharan Africa with the records of a number of people affected with HIV being kept at Mombasa, the capital (World Health Organisation 2012). The primary reason for the spread of HIV is unprotected sexual intercourse or sodomy. The most vulnerable ones are those who practice homosexuality or man-to-man sex. Homosexuality is a taboo even in todays educated society. The religious institutions of the world consider same sex intercourse as a sin. Most of the people in todays world are literate but they are not educated. In some countries, the correct figures of those suffering from HIV are not clearly specified. Men who have sex with men are at major risk of contracting the diseases such as HIV because the viruses are mainly found in the pre ejaculation fluid and in the semen. In spite of the fact that this disease is curable, many people fail to open up and succumb to their beliefs. The most important fact is they suffer due to the greater societys homophobia and heterosexism for which they cannot open up and get themselves treated for the disease that they are suffering from. HIV is the most hyped taboo of the society. Often these patients are left untreated and the majority of them die due to negligence. Even the families of the patients tend to disown them once they are tested positive for HIV. Majority of the people suffering from HIV loose the urge to live and ultimately perish away. Transgender group of people is 49 times more vulnerable to HIV infection than compared to normal people. Out of the total people infected with HIV 19% of the people, belong to the transgender female category. Social exclusion, gender-based abuse, high levels of discrimination and stigma these are the reasons for which the transgender people are at a higher risk of HIV infection. The transgender people are removed from the society at a young age and receive less or no education; face discrimination at work and while availing basic goods and services (Harisson and Herman 2012). India leads in transgender sex workers with 90% followed by Malaysia 84%, Indonesia 81%, El Salvador 47% and Cambodia 36% (Baral et.al.2012). HIV prevalence is up to 9 times higher for transgender sex workers as compared to non-transgender female sex workers often the customers of the transgender community who are mostly into prostitution are not healthy people and they fall prey to the HIV virus. Lack of knowledge about People think that it is discriminatory to stop the people of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender communities more commonly known as the LGBT communities to donate blood, the actual reason behind this is that the people of this specified community indulge themselves in kinds of erotic sexual activities, which are not always healthy. These people are the foremost carriers of the HIV virus (Genz et.al. 2015). Due to the ignorance among the people in the society about HIV, the patients encounter social exclusion and cannot access appropriate treatment for health improvement. In the global scenario and Australia, it can be seen that the patients suffering from HIV die due to lack of medical treatment, as they never visited the medical facilities. As one of the interventions for treating and spreading awareness about HIV is through primary healthcare, other medical interventions can also be used for treating the patients suffering from HIV. The nursing interventions will thereby, help in spreading awareness about the real cause of HIV, ways of preventing HIV and methods of HIV treatment. Health promotion is one of the key nursing interventions that help in mitigating the social exclusion that majority of the HIV patients suffer (Curran et al., 2012). Organizing and conducting health promotions will spread awareness about HIV within the society. The main aim of the health promotions is to imbibe the knowledge within the people that HIV does not spread by touching. If the aforementioned thought is eradicated from the society, treating HIV patients will be much easier. HIV patients encounters social exclusion, as the society feel the disease spreads by touching. Moreover, the health promotions can also be conducted with the aim of spreading awareness regarding how HIV is spread, methods of preventing the spread of HIV along with the effectiveness of the medical intervention for treating HIV. However, as argued by Street, Gold Manning (2013), individual counseling is a better option to spread awareness regarding HIV compared to mass health promotions. The healthcare professionals can select particular localities for a certain period and emphasize on counseling the people in the locality. This will allow the healthcare professionals to develop a deeper understanding of the existing mentality of the people in the locality and use appropriate counseling approach to change the thought. As health promotions consider spreading awareness within the mass, the effectiveness of the initiative is difficult to measure. On the contrary, as counseling approach, provide an opportunity to communicate personally with the people and the HIV patients, the effectiveness of the process is more compared to health promotions. For example, listening and talking to the patients suffering from HIV are considered as better, as this allows personal helps for the patients in difficult times. Thus from the above discussion, it can be concluded that HIV is incurable is the greatest myth. People who are suffering and coming out to tell their problems are getting the necessary attention and are being cured completely to lead a normal life. All the social stigmas associated with the HIV are slowly being removed from the society. People are becoming more open towards the LGBT community. New laws are being formulated and the pressure of secluding them is falling because the religious groups are becoming tolerant with the Catholic Church being the leader. New laws and a new opening for the transgender people are on the rise. Sex Education and sanitary education is being formulated to make the people aware of the surroundings and eliminate the potential threats of contacting the HIV virus. References Atkins, D. (2012).Looking queer: Body image and identity in lesbian, bisexual, gay, and transgender communities. Routledge. Baral, S. D., Poteat, T., Strmdahl, S., Wirtz, A. L., Guadamuz, T. E., Beyrer, C. (2013). Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The lancet infectious diseases, 13(3), 214-222.